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上門補習<br />即私人補習,有不少家長認為子女功課不好,或者因工作問題希望找人照顧卻沒有能力聘請外傭,就聘請了一些導師上門補習,填補在「子女放學後」及「家長下班前」的時間空間,以一對一的模式進行。也有一些家長認為一對一教育是令學生吸收最多的,所以子女到達高年級的時候仍然選擇這種補習模式。 <br />某些 [https://v.gd/y2YgIz 上門補習] 中介 公司經常於不同媒體賣廣告,每月單是廣告費就花下數十萬,如買下RoadShow和牛奶公司旗下700店的廣告板獨市廣告、大型廣告牌、小巴廣告等,令其他曾受極一時但沒有巨額投資於廣告的 [http://ity.im/achqU 上門補習] 中介公司,已日漸淘汰和沒落。 <br />另一方面,由於私人補習賺取的時薪相對高昂,有不少高中及大學生希望賺取零用錢,也會加入這些上門導師行列。 <br />小型補習社<br />在小學至初中層面中,很多時候小型補習社也發揮了 [https://firsturl.de/RLya5n0 上門補習] 「填時間」的作用。由於香港的小型補習社多為小本經營,不少人視之為當老闆的捷徑發財而漠視教育理想,補習教師體罰學生﹙如以鐵尺打學生,以為家長「嚴格」教導子女作招倈﹚以得到補習「佳績」,更有心術不正者非禮女學生。但一般而言,小型補習社師資較上門補習有保證。至高中時期,學生一般較懂得自律,不用家長操心,補習社就主力教授及重溫課堂上不足的地方,同時操練舊試題。 <br />和大型補習社不同的,是小型補習社每班一般不多於20人,有的採取小班教學,這是不少學生及家長所取的。此外,小型補習社多為小本經營,並非連鎖式經營。即使開設分校,也只會位於舊校附近,用作方便開設更多班,而非主動地拓展業務。 <br />值得一提的是,不少大型補習社導師於成名前均曾於小型補習社任教。 <br /><br />連鎖式補習社<br /> <br /><br />英皇教育在九龍彌敦道的大廣告板<br /> <br /><br />遵理學校的大型戶外海報<br />連鎖式補習社的覆蓋性高,分校遍佈港九新界,大多位於市中心,毗鄰港鐵站。 <br />香港目前的補習市場有三大連鎖式補習社集團:香港教育國際(現代教育)(港交所:01082.HK)、精英匯集團 (遵理學校)(港交所:01775.HK) 和英皇教育,前兩家已經上市。 <br />連鎖式補習社主要以「考試導向」的形式教授該科知識︰提供考試答題技巧和講解學校課堂上沒有教授的考試內容,填補學校教育不足的地方,並同時給予歷屆試題供學生操練。 <br />大部份的課堂,尤其遠離灣仔區,油尖旺區,荃灣區,沙田區及觀塘區的分校,都會以錄影班(Video班)為主要上課模式,即該補習教師預先在現場班 (Live班)上課時拍攝講課的片段,然後存放於雲端,各分校需要上課時即可存取,減輕導師的工作壓力,但學生就失去了在課後直接向該教師詢問課堂不明白之處的機會。大型補習社會將分校內數個課室之間的牆壁拆除,再配以玻璃分隔(行內稱拖房或聯播房),部分收生率較高的頂級名師的Live班更會在同一分校內沒有與主房聯通的課室同步播放(行內稱聯播),讓數個課室的學生能夠同時上同一名導師的課堂。 <br />遵理學校更推出網上取籌服務,讓部分頂級名師的Live班學生節省排隊時間。 <br />現時有不少補習導師會在社交網站提供「免費問書服務」,解答在課後的學生疑難。 <br />此外,這些補習社除了提供日常課堂外,也會提供與考試有關的服務,例如舉辦模擬試,讓學生了解在應考公開試前的不足和熟習考試模式。又例如會舉辦說話訓練,讓學生培養說話技巧。 <br /><br />流動補習社<br />流動補習社出現的原因,是由於香港舖租不斷飆升,而且部分學生的居住環境擠迫,難以提供補習空間,為了節省成本,有些補習老師在麥當勞、大家樂、星巴克等快餐店或咖啡室為學生補習。有老師指揮學生霸佔店內五、六個座位,實施一人一枱做功課,有時會引來食客注目、不滿,甚至出口指摘。<br />專門式補習社<br />除了連鎖式補習社外,香港也有一些補習社是針對個別科目教授,其宣傳方法及經營手法十分貼近連鎖式補習社。 <br />據香港中文大學《大學線月刊》報道,指出大學課程獨特,「大專生補習班」可協助大專生適應大專課程。 <br />盛行原因<br />補習班流行的原因,主要是因為香港從小學至專上教育前的學制下,都普遍實行以公開考試的成績作為主導的應試教育。除直接影響大學收生(JUPAS)的香港中學文憑,舊制度下的學制也有直接影響升讀中六(預科)及中一的呈分試及香港學業能力測驗(小學學能測驗)。無論是哪個考試,學生的公開考試成績直接地影響能接受的教育水平和類型,為在該等考試取得較好準備,補習成為他們其中一個多數的選擇。另外,有不少學生因為不適應/為了提早適應升中課程的變化,特別是英文和中文(廣東話)教學的差異而補習,兩者皆造就了香港的補習風氣。 <br />有論者認為,現時補習則是市場導向所帶動,屬競爭性的拔尖教育,加上家長與學生抱着「有病醫病,無病補身」的心態,務求以金錢換取成績,致令補習產業日趨蓬勃[11]。 <br />香港的教育制度以成績決定一切,公開考試成績幾乎直接決定學生的前途<br />希望能以最短時間完成課程<br />補習班提供實用的應試技巧<br />筆記精簡而且包含學校教科書缺乏的重點,也有評卷準則、外國試題、「考試陷阱」等<br />認為補習教師的教學方式比日校教師更佳或更「考試導向」<br />日校教師的教學質素參差<br />預測試題準確<br />羊群心理,「人補我補」
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<br />The acute dermal toxicity of resorcinol was studied in male albino rabbits Koppers Company, Signs of intoxication included salivation, tremors, and convulsions, and handled pores and skin areas confirmed slight erythema and excessive dryness. Mean knowledge for 3 donors and sixteen replicates indicate a plateau in receptor fluid focus between 24 and 48 h, as mirrored by cumulative absorption values of 1. A steady-state permeability coefficient. For male albino rats pressure not given;.<br />The elimination was biphasic, with half-lives of 18—21 min and 8. The 14 C exercise was rapidly distributed in main tissues corresponding to muscles, kidneys, and liver, with out indication of bioaccumulation Merker et al. Any new info being provided in the course of the OECD evaluation might be provided to the IPCS so that an addendum could be prepared for consideration.<br />Furthermore, persistent research with fish and Daphnia were carried out. For the toxicity to aquatic vegetation, no guideline research is available. However, bearing in mind the obtainable research for toxicity to aquatic vegetation, the NOEC for algae may be assumed to be higher than that for Daphnia magna. Exposure to resorcinol by the use of peeling brokers presents an acute exposure state of affairs the place the person is exposed to a excessive concentration 7. Acute effects have been described beneath these situations.<br />Thyroid glands from all surviving F 0 parents were examined microscopically, and brain measurements have been carried out on all uncovered F 1 pups and people F 1 pups selected for behavioural testing. There were no important intercourse variations. In females, a larger proportion was excreted as sulfate conjugate, whereas males excreted a higher proportion of a diconjugate both sulfate and glucuronide groups. From these information, the authors concluded that male rats have the next capacity for glucuronidation than females.<br />The third research, carried out in , included of active employees. In subjects males, thirteen girls with a imply age of 37 years, both laboratory and different tests, including medical examination, had been carried out; no irregular thyroid glands or adjustments in T four values had been present in any of the subjects in comparison with regular values Bauer, The above information are limited due to small study sizes, lack of comparison groups, lacking current and historical control knowledge, and missing information concerning potential publicity classes. In a examine in a plant producing resorcinol by sulfonation of benzene — and also producing beta -resorcylic acid, resorcinol—formaldehyde resins, sulfites, and sulfates — staff were uncovered primarily to resorcinol, however the exposure to other brokers was not measured for exposure levels, see part 6. In this plant, three cross-sectional studies have been carried out between and Flickinger, In , medical examinations, chest X-rays, pulmonary operate, haematology, and scientific chemistry had been carried out with of persons actively employed at a production plant in Pennsylvania, USA. In addition, male rats have greater circulating levels of TSH than females.<br />There have been no revealed animal studies exhibiting thyroidal effects with a dose—response relationship that might be used for a tolerable intake. In the body of a full life cycle toxicity check OECD TG , Lima noticed no opposed results after forty eight h of exposure on the highest concentration tested, 0. Furthermore, Cronin et al. The fish and pond snails were placed instantly into the aquaria, while the remaining five species had been segregated in numerous baskets and suspended in the aquaria. The only investigation into this end-level is that from the dose range-discovering research reported in sections eight.<br /><br />In both species, there have been no opposed effects on final mean physique weights, haematology, or clinical chemistry parameters, and no chemical-related gross or microscopic lesions had been noticed. In one other study, rats were uncovered to zero or 0. No thyroid hormone measurements have been performed.<br /><br /><h2></h2><br /><br /><ul><br />  <br />  <br />  <br /> <li>For the thyroid, a non-statistically vital improve in TSH ranges was reported for interim males, however not at scheduled necropsy.</li><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <li>The iodination process is catalysed by a haem-containing enzyme.</li><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <li>Fifty per cent of survivors have been sacrificed 1 week later, and blood and urine samples were taken.</li><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <li>In each species, there have been no opposed results on ultimate mean physique weights, haematology, or medical chemistry parameters, and no chemical-related gross or microscopic lesions were noticed.</li><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <li>In excessive-dose groups, a lower in physique weight and decreased survival had been famous.</li><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <li>Five of three.</li><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /></ul><br />Determination of resorcinol conjugates within the h urine samples after 14 days of steady product treatment showed that a maximal 23 mg 2. Assuming a body weight of 64 kg IPCS, gives an publicity estimate of zero. In a report primarily based on shopper research knowledge Gans, , beneath affordable maximum-use situations i.<br />Although thyroid effects are a major end-point in each human case-studies and animal research, there's a lack of consistency in the leads to the animal research. Resorcinol brought on no opposed effects in a number of reproduction and developmental toxicity research in rats and rabbits. Resorcinol just isn't considered to be genotoxic.<br /><br />There isn't any guideline examine on toxicity for aquatic plants obtainable. As only one concentration was tested, the examine can't be used within the danger analysis. There are several studies available on acute toxicity to different fish species.<br /><br />There are variations in thyroid physiology between humans and animals. The weight of proof means that rodents are extra sensitive to thyroid effects than humans.<br /><br /><h1></h1><br />Other skin results were hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, inflammation, and sebaceous gland hyperplasia, whereas there have been no systemic therapy-related lesions. With resorcinol, a number of initiation—promotion studies with hamsters Maruyama et al. Female Syrian golden hamsters 10—20 per group have been treated with two subcutaneous injections of. In a research performed by Hasegawa et al.<br />The results have been extra pronounced at seventy two h. The irritation index was given as 4. However, owing to lacking correlating histopathological adjustments within the three ranges of the brain examined and within the absence of a dose—response relationship, different indicators of developmental delay, or other modifications in CNS perform, these results were not considered as conclusive proof of a change in CNS operate. In the next two-era reproductive toxicity study RTF, , these end-factors weren't investigated. No resorcinol-associated results on F zero and F 1 pup survival or the overall physical situation of the pups in the course of the pre-weaning period had been noticed.<br />Apart from one constructive single case-research Vilaplana et al. In these instances, the examined concentration of resorcinol was 0. The information are summarized in Table eight. Data concerning the totally different job categories were not supplied.

Revision as of 19:02, 28 January 2020


The acute dermal toxicity of resorcinol was studied in male albino rabbits Koppers Company, Signs of intoxication included salivation, tremors, and convulsions, and handled pores and skin areas confirmed slight erythema and excessive dryness. Mean knowledge for 3 donors and sixteen replicates indicate a plateau in receptor fluid focus between 24 and 48 h, as mirrored by cumulative absorption values of 1. A steady-state permeability coefficient. For male albino rats pressure not given;.
The elimination was biphasic, with half-lives of 18—21 min and 8. The 14 C exercise was rapidly distributed in main tissues corresponding to muscles, kidneys, and liver, with out indication of bioaccumulation Merker et al. Any new info being provided in the course of the OECD evaluation might be provided to the IPCS so that an addendum could be prepared for consideration.
Furthermore, persistent research with fish and Daphnia were carried out. For the toxicity to aquatic vegetation, no guideline research is available. However, bearing in mind the obtainable research for toxicity to aquatic vegetation, the NOEC for algae may be assumed to be higher than that for Daphnia magna. Exposure to resorcinol by the use of peeling brokers presents an acute exposure state of affairs the place the person is exposed to a excessive concentration 7. Acute effects have been described beneath these situations.
Thyroid glands from all surviving F 0 parents were examined microscopically, and brain measurements have been carried out on all uncovered F 1 pups and people F 1 pups selected for behavioural testing. There were no important intercourse variations. In females, a larger proportion was excreted as sulfate conjugate, whereas males excreted a higher proportion of a diconjugate both sulfate and glucuronide groups. From these information, the authors concluded that male rats have the next capacity for glucuronidation than females.
The third research, carried out in , included of active employees. In subjects males, thirteen girls with a imply age of 37 years, both laboratory and different tests, including medical examination, had been carried out; no irregular thyroid glands or adjustments in T four values had been present in any of the subjects in comparison with regular values Bauer, The above information are limited due to small study sizes, lack of comparison groups, lacking current and historical control knowledge, and missing information concerning potential publicity classes. In a examine in a plant producing resorcinol by sulfonation of benzene — and also producing beta -resorcylic acid, resorcinol—formaldehyde resins, sulfites, and sulfates — staff were uncovered primarily to resorcinol, however the exposure to other brokers was not measured for exposure levels, see part 6. In this plant, three cross-sectional studies have been carried out between and Flickinger, In , medical examinations, chest X-rays, pulmonary operate, haematology, and scientific chemistry had been carried out with of persons actively employed at a production plant in Pennsylvania, USA. In addition, male rats have greater circulating levels of TSH than females.
There have been no revealed animal studies exhibiting thyroidal effects with a dose—response relationship that might be used for a tolerable intake. In the body of a full life cycle toxicity check OECD TG , Lima noticed no opposed results after forty eight h of exposure on the highest concentration tested, 0. Furthermore, Cronin et al. The fish and pond snails were placed instantly into the aquaria, while the remaining five species had been segregated in numerous baskets and suspended in the aquaria. The only investigation into this end-level is that from the dose range-discovering research reported in sections eight.

In both species, there have been no opposed effects on final mean physique weights, haematology, or clinical chemistry parameters, and no chemical-related gross or microscopic lesions had been noticed. In one other study, rats were uncovered to zero or 0. No thyroid hormone measurements have been performed.







  • For the thyroid, a non-statistically vital improve in TSH ranges was reported for interim males, however not at scheduled necropsy.




  • The iodination process is catalysed by a haem-containing enzyme.




  • Fifty per cent of survivors have been sacrificed 1 week later, and blood and urine samples were taken.




  • In each species, there have been no opposed results on ultimate mean physique weights, haematology, or medical chemistry parameters, and no chemical-related gross or microscopic lesions were noticed.




  • In excessive-dose groups, a lower in physique weight and decreased survival had been famous.




  • Five of three.





Determination of resorcinol conjugates within the h urine samples after 14 days of steady product treatment showed that a maximal 23 mg 2. Assuming a body weight of 64 kg IPCS, gives an publicity estimate of zero. In a report primarily based on shopper research knowledge Gans, , beneath affordable maximum-use situations i.
Although thyroid effects are a major end-point in each human case-studies and animal research, there's a lack of consistency in the leads to the animal research. Resorcinol brought on no opposed effects in a number of reproduction and developmental toxicity research in rats and rabbits. Resorcinol just isn't considered to be genotoxic.

There isn't any guideline examine on toxicity for aquatic plants obtainable. As only one concentration was tested, the examine can't be used within the danger analysis. There are several studies available on acute toxicity to different fish species.

There are variations in thyroid physiology between humans and animals. The weight of proof means that rodents are extra sensitive to thyroid effects than humans.


Other skin results were hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, inflammation, and sebaceous gland hyperplasia, whereas there have been no systemic therapy-related lesions. With resorcinol, a number of initiation—promotion studies with hamsters Maruyama et al. Female Syrian golden hamsters 10—20 per group have been treated with two subcutaneous injections of. In a research performed by Hasegawa et al.
The results have been extra pronounced at seventy two h. The irritation index was given as 4. However, owing to lacking correlating histopathological adjustments within the three ranges of the brain examined and within the absence of a dose—response relationship, different indicators of developmental delay, or other modifications in CNS perform, these results were not considered as conclusive proof of a change in CNS operate. In the next two-era reproductive toxicity study RTF, , these end-factors weren't investigated. No resorcinol-associated results on F zero and F 1 pup survival or the overall physical situation of the pups in the course of the pre-weaning period had been noticed.
Apart from one constructive single case-research Vilaplana et al. In these instances, the examined concentration of resorcinol was 0. The information are summarized in Table eight. Data concerning the totally different job categories were not supplied.